Borneol

Borneol, “Pimsen” in Thai (พิมเสน), is a natural extract that is particularly appreciated in traditional Thai medicine. It comes from the leaves, roots and bark of the Borneo camphor tree, also called eagle wood. It relieves body pain, respiratory genes, stress, and sleep disorders.

Borneol of singular quality is found in the provinces of Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son and Phang Nha where it is particularly rich in active elements.

Benefits and Uses

Borneol is a powerful organic compound, found in several plants in the Thai pharmacopoeia, which provides numerous health benefits

Analgesic

Helps to relieve muscle, tendon and joint pain, in particular by improving blood circulation in the affected area. Helps relieve headaches and migraines

Anti-inflammatory

Helps to reduce body inflammation, swelling and stiffness. Relieves muscle, joint and ligament pain. Helps to reduce the symptoms of certain inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, rheumatism, sprains, but also asthma and bronchitis.

Antispasmodic

Reduces muscle spasms, relieves tension and promotes relaxation.

sedative

Intervenes in the regulation of levels of cortisol, the stress hormone. It thus has a calming effect on the mind and helps to reduce stress and anxiety.

Decongestant and expectorant

Helps relieve nasal congestion and clear upper respiratory tracts, such as sinuses, throat, and bronchi. Facilitates the evacuation of mucus and thus the breathing during allergies, coughs, colds, sinusitis.

Vasodilator

Participates in improving blood circulation and therefore in the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. It thus helps to relieve muscle pain, heavy leg syndrome, edema, varicose veins.

Antibacterial and antifungal

natural insect repellent and treats bacterial and fungal infections.

Expectorant

Helps to relieve nasal congestion and to clear the airways, for example in cases of cough, cold and sinusitis.

immunostimulant

May help boost the immune system, aid digestion, and relieve intestinal gas.

Heating

Helps dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow, which provides a warming effect that helps with muscle relaxation.

Historical Origins

Borneol is a natural compound found in several plants, including some species of conifers, eucalyptus, and sage. It has been used throughout civilizations and centuries for its medicinal and aromatic properties:

Thai Traditional Medicine :

Borneol is included in many herbal preparations. It is difficult to accurately determine the beginnings of its use but it is very likely that it dates back more than 2000 years.

It appears in the first writings dating from the kingdom of Ayutthaya (14E-18E centuries), but it is particularly highlighted for its sleep aid in the famous “Tamra Phra Ratchathan” (ตำราพระราชธาตุ), also known as the “Royal Treatise on Medicine” or “Royal Treaty of Medicine” or “Royal Treaty of Pharmacopoeia”. This book was written by King Rama II (Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai) of the Chakri dynasty, who ruled Thailand from 1809 to 1824. It is a central work in traditional Thai medicine. It compiles the medical knowledge, diagnoses, treatments, and herbal remedies used at the time.


In traditional Chinese medicine, borneol is widely used as a key ingredient in herbal formulas.

In Ayurveda, a traditional Indian system of medicine, borneol is known as “Bhimseni Kapoor.”

In traditional Japanese medicine, borneol, called “Borneoru” in Japanese, is often used for relief when applied externally.

Borneol has also been used in other civilizations. For example, in ancient Egypt, it was used in mummy preparations because of its antiseptic properties and its ability to repel insects. In ancient Greece, it was used as perfume and incense.

Today, it is also popular in the perfume and aroma products industry.

SOURCES

Borneol, also called “Borneo camphor,” is extracted from a variety of plants, but the main source is Dryobalanops aromatica. It is a tree typical of the tropical forests of Southeast Asia known as the Borneo camphor tree.

In Thai it is called “Ka-phak-nam” or “eagle wood”. The essential oil extracted from the leaves, roots, and bark is rich in borneol, as well as other beneficial compounds such as camphor and limonene.

Sayam particularly appreciates 2 regions recognized for their production of superior quality borneol:

  • Chiang Rai and Mae Hong Son: These mountainous regions in northern Thailand are renowned for their wealth of medicinal plants.
  • Phang Na: This province, located in southern Thailand, is a sanctuary of tropical forests rich in biodiversity.

There are suppliers with traditional production methods guaranteeing qualitative sources of borneol.

PRODUCTION

Borneol is extracted in particular from “eagle wood” via an extraction process that is most often traditional:

  • Collection of raw materials: The leaves and bark are taken from mature Borneo camphor trees. They are harvested by hand, taking care not to damage the tree. The roots of trees felled for other uses are also harvested. Then they are dried, usually in the sun.
  • Extraction: Everything is placed in a still and water vapor is passed through the plant material. Water vapor entrains volatile compounds, including borneol, which is then collected and condensed.
  • Purification: The liquid solution obtained is thus purified using chromatography and crystallization techniques to separate borneol from the other components of the plant.
  • Drying and packaging: Once purified, borneol is dried to remove any residual moisture. Then, it is packaged in appropriate containers, such as glass bottles, for later use in particular in traditional medicine, aromatherapy and perfumery.

COMPOSITION

Borneol is an organic compound that exists in two forms, alpha borneol and beta borneol, which have slightly different properties:

  • Alpha-borneol: Alpha-borneol is used in traditional medicine for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and expectorant properties. It is also used in aromatherapy for its soothing and relaxing properties.
  • Beta-borneol: Beta-borneol has properties similar to alpha borneol, but it is also known for its antifungal and insecticidal properties. It is often used in personal care products for its refreshing properties and to help fight body odor.

Borneol belongs to the terpene class. In addition to the borneol isomer itself, it is common for borneol extracted from natural sources to also contain other organic compounds:

  • Isoborneol: A structural isomer of borneol that may be present in small quantities in extracted borneol.
  • Camphene: A monoterpene that is often present in small amounts in borneol and may contribute to the aromatic and medicinal properties of borneol.
  • Terpineol: Monoterpene alcohol commonly associated with borneol.